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Title:Survey on short-term technology developments and readiness levels for autonomous shipping
Authors:L.E. van Cappelle, L. Chen, R.R. Negenborn

Conference:9th International Conference on Computational Logistics (ICCL 2018)
Address:Vietri sul Mare, Italy
Date:October 2018

Abstract:Recently, Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) have attracted a lot of attention. Developing a fully autonomous vessel is challenging. Existing research provides a track from existing vessels to a remotecontrolled vessel with reduced crews, an unmanned remote-controlled vessel, and at the end, a fully autonomous vessel. The first step is to equip existing vessels to realize autonomous sailing. In this paper, we focus on the technologies that make existing vessels "smarter". A categorization of technologies is provided based on the basic architecture of ASV: Navigation, Guidance, Control and Hardware. An overview of the development of each category is presented. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is applied to indicate whether these technologies could become commercial in the short term.

Reference:Survey on short-term technology developments and readiness levels for autonomous shipping. L.E. van Cappelle, L. Chen, R.R. Negenborn. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Logistics (ICCL 2018), Vietri sul Mare, Italy, pp. 106-123, October 2018.
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